I amsterdam - Scholars & Laureates

Around the turn of the century three Amsterdam scientists were awarded the Nobel Prize:

• Jacobus van 't Hoff (Chemistry, 1901), appointed in 1878 as Professor of Chemistry, Mineralogy and Geology;
• Pieter Zeeman (Physics, 1902, together with H.A. Lorentz), since 1878 Professor in Amsterdam, and honorary doctor at ten foreign universities;
• Johannes van der Waals (Physics, 1910), appointed in 1877 as the first Amsterdam Professor of Physics.

The Amsterdam plant geneticist Hugo de Vries and the mathematician Luitzen Brouwer are also among the leading scholars of the 20th century.

Three other Nobel laureates studied in Amsterdam:

• Tobias Asser (Peace, 1911);
• Christiaan Eijkman (Physiology, 1929);
• Frits Zernike (Physics, 1953).

The most recent Dutch Nobel Prize winner (Chemistry, 1995) Paul Josef Crutzen, was born in Amsterdam in 1933.