Discovering Amsterdam's rich history and culture doesn't require being rich. From gratis gazing at Golden Age paintings to classical concerts that don't cost a thing, consider these unique ways to fill your time without emptying your pockets.
Just inside the arched gateway to the Amsterdam Historical Museum at Kalverstraat 92 lies a hidden passageway filled with 15 enormous 17th-century paintings; entrance is free to the public during museum hours. Known as the Schuttersgalerij (Civic Guards' Gallery), the collection features massive and meticulously realistic portraits of wealthy citizens from the Dutch Golden Age, the same class of subjects Rembrandt depicted in the most famous of Civic Guard paintings, "Nightwatch".
Exit the opposite end of the glass-topped gallery to find the entrance to another free step back in time: the Begijnhof. Built in the 14th century for a group of devout women called beguines, the peaceful courtyard is still home to a community of female residents today. Inside you'll find lovely gardens, two chapels, the oldest house in Amsterdam and a feeling that you're far from the bustling city-centre surroundings.
For a free look back to unfree 1940s Amsterdam, head to the Plantage district. During World War II, the Hollandsche Schouwburg (Dutch Theatre) -- once a lively hub of entertainment in the Jewish community -- became a Nazi deportation centre for those same people. Today the 19th-century building is a sobering memorial.
If you're more interested in contemporary Amsterdam and its future, visit the city planning centre inside a 17th-century church, the Zuiderkerk. Learn how Amsterdam melds modern advancement with medieval foundations through the free permanent and temporary exhibitions.
Amsterdam has a diamond-industry heritage dating to the 16th century. The professionals who polish these brilliant gems -- such as Gassan Diamonds and Coster Diamonds -- offer visitors the chance to watch the process on free guided tours of their facilities.
Animal-lovers, take the time to find one of the last and most beautiful city horse-riding schools in Europe, the 19th-century Hollandsche Manege (Dutch Riding School). On a residential street adjacent to the Vondelpark (Vondelstraat 140) you're welcome to sit in the original orchestra balcony to watch as riders practice handling these magnificent animals.
If you're a bargain-hunter interested in Amsterdam's many museums and attractions that aren't free, the I amsterdam Card is for you. For as little as € 38, the discount city pass includes free entrance to more than 25 museums, discounted admission to more than 20 others, a free canal cruise and free use of public transportation. You'll also enjoy free snacks, coffee, and souvenirs to remind you of your value-minded visit.